528 lines
9.8 KiB
Markdown
528 lines
9.8 KiB
Markdown
# ThingsBoard 部署方案分析
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## 1. 概述
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ThingsBoard 支持两种主要的部署模式：单体模式（Monolith）和微服务模式（Microservices）。此外，还支持 Docker 容器化部署和 Kubernetes 部署。
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## 2. 部署模式
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### 2.1 单体模式（Monolith）
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**适用场景**:
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- 小型部署
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- 开发和测试环境
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- 设备数量较少（< 10,000）
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**特点**:
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- 所有服务运行在一个进程中
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- 配置简单
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- 资源占用较少
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- 不支持水平扩展
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**配置**:
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```yaml
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service:
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type: monolith
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```
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**启动方式**:
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```bash
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java -jar thingsboard.jar
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```
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### 2.2 微服务模式（Microservices）
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**适用场景**:
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- 生产环境
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- 大规模部署
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- 高可用性要求
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- 需要水平扩展
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**特点**:
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- 服务拆分，独立部署
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- 支持水平扩展
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- 高可用性
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- 配置复杂
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**服务组件**:
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- **tb-core**: 核心服务（设备管理、用户管理、API）
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- **tb-rule-engine**: 规则引擎服务
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- **tb-transport-***: 传输服务（MQTT、HTTP、CoAP、LWM2M、SNMP）
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- **tb-js-executor**: JavaScript 执行器
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- **tb-web-ui**: Web UI 服务
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- **tb-vc-executor**: 版本控制执行器
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**配置**:
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```yaml
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service:
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type: tb-core # 或 tb-rule-engine, tb-transport 等
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```
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## 3. Docker 部署
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### 3.1 Docker Compose 配置
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**位置**: `docker/docker-compose.yml`
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**主要服务**:
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```yaml
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services:
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# 核心服务
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tb-core1:
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image: "${DOCKER_REPO}/${TB_NODE_DOCKER_NAME}:${TB_VERSION}"
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environment:
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TB_SERVICE_ID: tb-core1
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TB_SERVICE_TYPE: tb-core
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env_file:
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- tb-node.env
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tb-core2:
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image: "${DOCKER_REPO}/${TB_NODE_DOCKER_NAME}:${TB_VERSION}"
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environment:
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TB_SERVICE_ID: tb-core2
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TB_SERVICE_TYPE: tb-core
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# 规则引擎服务
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tb-rule-engine1:
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image: "${DOCKER_REPO}/${TB_NODE_DOCKER_NAME}:${TB_VERSION}"
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environment:
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TB_SERVICE_ID: tb-rule-engine1
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TB_SERVICE_TYPE: tb-rule-engine
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# 传输服务
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tb-mqtt-transport1:
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image: "${DOCKER_REPO}/${MQTT_TRANSPORT_DOCKER_NAME}:${TB_VERSION}"
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environment:
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TB_SERVICE_ID: tb-mqtt-transport1
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ports:
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- "1883"
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# Web UI 服务
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tb-web-ui1:
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image: "${DOCKER_REPO}/${WEB_UI_DOCKER_NAME}:${TB_VERSION}"
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# 负载均衡器
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haproxy:
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image: thingsboard/haproxy-certbot:2.2.33-alpine
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ports:
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- "80:80"
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- "443:443"
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- "1883:1883"
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```
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### 3.2 数据库配置
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#### PostgreSQL 模式
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**配置文件**: `docker/tb-node.postgres.env`
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```bash
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DATABASE_TS_TYPE=sql
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SPRING_DRIVER_CLASS_NAME=org.postgresql.Driver
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SPRING_DATASOURCE_URL=jdbc:postgresql://postgres:5432/thingsboard
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SPRING_DATASOURCE_USERNAME=postgres
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SPRING_DATASOURCE_PASSWORD=postgres
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```
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**Docker Compose**: `docker/docker-compose.postgres.yml`
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```yaml
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services:
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postgres:
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image: postgres:16.6
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environment:
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POSTGRES_DB: thingsboard
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POSTGRES_PASSWORD: postgres
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volumes:
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- postgres-data:/var/lib/postgresql/data
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```
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#### 混合模式（PostgreSQL + Cassandra）
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**配置文件**: `docker/tb-node.hybrid.env`
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```bash
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DATABASE_TS_TYPE=cassandra
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CASSANDRA_CLUSTER_NAME=ThingsBoard Cluster
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CASSANDRA_URL=cassandra:9042
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```
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**Docker Compose**: `docker/docker-compose.hybrid.yml`
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```yaml
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services:
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postgres:
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# PostgreSQL 配置（用于实体数据）
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cassandra:
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image: cassandra:4.1
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environment:
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CASSANDRA_CLUSTER_NAME: ThingsBoard Cluster
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volumes:
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- cassandra-data:/var/lib/cassandra
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```
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### 3.3 缓存配置
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#### Valkey Standalone
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**配置文件**: `docker/cache-valkey.env`
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```bash
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CACHE_TYPE=valkey
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REDIS_URL=valkey:6379
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```
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#### Valkey Cluster
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**配置文件**: `docker/cache-valkey-cluster.env`
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```bash
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CACHE_TYPE=valkey-cluster
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REDIS_CLUSTER_NODES=valkey-node-1:6379,valkey-node-2:6379,valkey-node-3:6379
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```
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#### Valkey Sentinel
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**配置文件**: `docker/cache-valkey-sentinel.env`
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```bash
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CACHE_TYPE=valkey-sentinel
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REDIS_SENTINEL_MASTER=mymaster
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REDIS_SENTINEL_NODES=valkey-sentinel-1:26379,valkey-sentinel-2:26379,valkey-sentinel-3:26379
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```
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### 3.4 消息队列配置
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#### Kafka
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**配置文件**: `docker/queue-kafka.env`
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```bash
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QUEUE_TYPE=kafka
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KAFKA_SERVERS=kafka:9092
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```
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**Docker Compose**: `docker/docker-compose.kafka.yml`
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```yaml
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services:
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zookeeper:
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image: zookeeper:3.8.1
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kafka:
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image: confluentinc/cp-kafka:7.5.0
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depends_on:
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- zookeeper
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environment:
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KAFKA_ZOOKEEPER_CONNECT: zookeeper:2181
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```
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#### RabbitMQ
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**配置文件**: `docker/queue-rabbitmq.env`
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```bash
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QUEUE_TYPE=rabbitmq
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RABBITMQ_URL=amqp://rabbitmq:5672
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```
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### 3.5 部署步骤
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#### 3.5.1 准备环境
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```bash
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# 1. 创建日志目录
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./docker-create-log-folders.sh
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# 2. 配置环境变量（.env 文件）
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DATABASE=postgres # 或 hybrid
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CACHE=valkey # 或 valkey-cluster, valkey-sentinel
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QUEUE=kafka # 或 rabbitmq
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```
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#### 3.5.2 安装
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```bash
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# 安装 ThingsBoard（包含数据库初始化）
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./docker-install-tb.sh --loadDemo
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```
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#### 3.5.3 启动服务
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```bash
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# 启动所有服务
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./docker-start-services.sh
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# 查看服务状态
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docker-compose ps
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# 查看日志
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docker-compose logs -f tb-core1
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```
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#### 3.5.4 停止服务
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```bash
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# 停止服务
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./docker-stop-services.sh
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# 删除服务
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./docker-remove-services.sh
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```
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#### 3.5.5 更新服务
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```bash
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# 更新所有服务
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./docker-update-service.sh
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# 更新特定服务
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./docker-update-service.sh tb-core1 tb-mqtt-transport1
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```
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#### 3.5.6 升级
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```bash
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# 停止服务
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./docker-stop-services.sh
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# 执行升级
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./docker-upgrade-tb.sh --fromVersion=3.6.0
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# 启动服务
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./docker-start-services.sh
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```
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## 4. 单 Docker 镜像部署
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### 4.1 适用场景
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- 快速测试
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- 小型部署
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- 开发环境
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### 4.2 镜像类型
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**位置**: `msa/tb/`
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1. **thingsboard/tb**: 使用 HSQLDB（内存数据库）
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2. **thingsboard/tb-postgres**: 使用 PostgreSQL
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3. **thingsboard/tb-cassandra**: 使用混合模式（PostgreSQL + Cassandra）
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### 4.3 运行示例
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```bash
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# 使用 PostgreSQL
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docker run -it -p 9090:9090 -p 1883:1883 \
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-v ~/.mytb-data:/data \
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--name mytb \
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thingsboard/tb-postgres
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```
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## 5. Kubernetes 部署
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### 5.1 服务拆分
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在 Kubernetes 中，每个服务可以作为独立的 Deployment：
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- **tb-core**: Core Service Deployment
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- **tb-rule-engine**: Rule Engine Deployment
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- **tb-transport-***: Transport Service Deployments
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- **tb-web-ui**: Web UI Deployment
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### 5.2 配置示例
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```yaml
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apiVersion: apps/v1
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kind: Deployment
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metadata:
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name: tb-core
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spec:
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replicas: 2
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selector:
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matchLabels:
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app: tb-core
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template:
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metadata:
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labels:
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app: tb-core
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spec:
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containers:
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- name: tb-core
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image: thingsboard/tb-node:latest
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env:
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- name: TB_SERVICE_TYPE
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value: "tb-core"
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- name: SPRING_DATASOURCE_URL
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value: "jdbc:postgresql://postgres:5432/thingsboard"
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```
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## 6. 监控配置
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### 6.1 Prometheus + Grafana
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**启用监控**:
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```bash
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# 设置环境变量
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export MONITORING_ENABLED=true
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```
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**访问地址**:
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- Prometheus: `http://localhost:9090`
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- Grafana: `http://localhost:3000` (默认用户名: admin, 密码: foobar)
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**配置文件**:
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- Prometheus: `docker/monitoring/prometheus/prometheus.yml`
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- Grafana: `docker/monitoring/grafana/provisioning/dashboards/`
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## 7. 高可用性配置
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### 7.1 服务冗余
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- **tb-core**: 至少 2 个实例
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- **tb-rule-engine**: 至少 2 个实例
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- **tb-transport-***: 至少 2 个实例（每个传输协议）
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### 7.2 数据库高可用
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- **PostgreSQL**: 使用主从复制或集群模式
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- **Cassandra**: 使用集群模式（至少 3 个节点）
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### 7.3 缓存高可用
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- **Valkey Cluster**: 3 主 3 从
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- **Valkey Sentinel**: 1 主 1 从 1 哨兵
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### 7.4 消息队列高可用
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- **Kafka**: 使用集群模式（至少 3 个 broker）
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- **RabbitMQ**: 使用集群模式或镜像队列
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## 8. 负载均衡
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### 8.1 HAProxy 配置
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**位置**: `docker/haproxy/config/`
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HAProxy 负责：
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- HTTP/HTTPS 流量负载均衡
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- MQTT 连接负载均衡
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- WebSocket 连接负载均衡
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### 8.2 端口映射
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- **80/443**: HTTP/HTTPS
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- **1883**: MQTT
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- **7070**: Edge RPC
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- **9999**: HAProxy 统计
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## 9. 网络配置
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### 9.1 服务发现
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使用 ZooKeeper 进行服务发现：
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```yaml
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services:
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zookeeper:
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image: zookeeper:3.8.1
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ports:
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- "2181"
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```
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### 9.2 内部通信
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服务间通过消息队列和 ZooKeeper 进行通信，不需要直接网络连接。
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## 10. 存储配置
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### 10.1 数据持久化
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使用 Docker Volumes 持久化数据：
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```yaml
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volumes:
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postgres-data:
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cassandra-data:
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tb-logs:
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```
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### 10.2 日志管理
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日志目录映射到宿主机：
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```yaml
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volumes:
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- ./tb-node/log:/var/log/thingsboard
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```
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## 11. 安全配置
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### 11.1 SSL/TLS
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**位置**: `docker/haproxy/config/`
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配置 SSL 证书：
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```bash
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# Let's Encrypt 证书
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- ./haproxy/letsencrypt:/etc/letsencrypt
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# 自定义证书
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- ./haproxy/certs.d:/usr/local/etc/haproxy/certs.d
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```
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### 11.2 防火墙
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建议只开放必要端口：
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- 80/443: HTTP/HTTPS
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- 1883: MQTT
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- 5683: CoAP
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## 12. 性能调优
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### 12.1 JVM 参数
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```bash
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JAVA_OPTS="-Xms512m -Xmx2048m -XX:+UseG1GC"
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```
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### 12.2 数据库连接池
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```yaml
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spring:
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datasource:
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hikari:
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maximum-pool-size: 50
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minimum-idle: 10
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```
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### 12.3 消息队列配置
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```yaml
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queue:
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core:
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pack-processing-timeout: 3000
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poll-interval: 25
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```
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## 13. 总结
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ThingsBoard 的部署方案具有以下特点：
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1. **灵活的部署模式**: 支持单体和微服务两种模式
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2. **容器化支持**: 完整的 Docker 和 Kubernetes 支持
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3. **数据库选择**: 支持 PostgreSQL、TimescaleDB、Cassandra
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4. **高可用性**: 支持服务冗余和数据库集群
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5. **监控集成**: 内置 Prometheus 和 Grafana 支持
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6. **易于扩展**: 微服务模式支持水平扩展
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根据实际需求选择合适的部署方案：
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- **小型部署**: 单体模式 + Docker
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- **中型部署**: 微服务模式 + Docker Compose
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- **大型部署**: 微服务模式 + Kubernetes
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