import numpy as np
# # 使用标量类型
# dt = np.dtype(np.int32)
# print(dt)
#
# # int8, int16, int32, int64 四种数据类型可以使用字符串 'i1', 'i2','i4','i8' 代替
# dt = np.dtype('i4')
# print(dt)
#
# # 字节顺序标注
# dt = np.dtype('<i4')
# print(dt)
#
# dt = np.dtype([('age', np.int8)])
# print(dt)
#
# dt = np.dtype([('age', np.int8)])
# a = np.array([(10,), (20,), (30,)], dtype=dt)
# print(a)
# print(a['age'])
#
# student = np.dtype([('name', 'S20'), ('age', 'i1'), ('marks', 'f4')])
# print(student)
#
# a = np.array([('abc', 21, 50), ('xyz', 18, 75)], dtype=student)
# print(a)
#
# a = np.arange(32)
# b = a.reshape(2, 4, 4)
# print(b.ndim)
# print(b.shape)
#
# a = np.array([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]])
# a.shape = (3, 2)
# print(a)
#
# a = np.array([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]])
# b = a.reshape(3, 2)
# print(b)
# x = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5], dtype=np.int8)
# print(x.itemsize)
# y = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5], dtype=np.float64)
# print(y.itemsize)

# x = np.empty([3, 2], dtype=int)
# print(x)
#
# # 默认为浮点数
# x = np.zeros(5)
# print(x)
# # 设置类型为整数
# y = np.zeros((5,), dtype=int)
# print(y)
#
# # 自定义类型
# z = np.zeros((2, 2), dtype=[('x', 'i4'), ('y', 'i4')])
# print(z)
#
# # 默认为浮点数
# x = np.ones(5)
# print(x)
#
# x = np.ones([2, 2], dtype=int)
# print(x)
#
# s = b'Hello World'
# a = np.frombuffer(s, dtype='S1')
# print(a)
#
# arr1 = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])
# arr2 = np.frombuffer(arr1, dtype=int)
# print(arr2)  # [1 2 3 4 5]
#
#
# list=range(5)
# it=iter(list)
# a = [1,2,3,4,5]
# # 使用迭代器创建 ndarray
# x=np.fromiter(arr1, dtype=float)
# print(x)
# aa = [
#     [1, 2, 3],
#     [4, 5, 6],
#     [7, 8, 9]
# ]
# a = np.array(aa)
# # b = a[1:3, 1:3]
# # c = a[1:3, [1, 2]]
# d = a[...,1:]
# # print(b)
# # print(c)
# print(d)

# a = np.array([[0, 0, 0],
#               [10, 10, 10],
#               [20, 20, 20],
#               [30, 30, 30]])
# b = np.array([1, 2, 3])
# bb = np.tile(b, (4, 1))  # 重复 b 的各个维度
# print(bb)
# # print(a + bb)

a = np.arange(6).reshape(2, 3)
print(a)
print("========================")
print(a.T)